Synchro-curvature modelling of the multi-frequency non-thermal emission of pulsars

TL;DR

This paper develops a synchro-curvature emission model to fit the non-thermal spectra of pulsars across multiple wavelengths, successfully explaining observations for most cases with minimal parameters and proposing extensions for complex spectra.

Contribution

The paper introduces a simple yet effective synchro-curvature model with a small number of parameters, extending it to account for all pulsars' spectra, including complex cases.

Findings

Model fits 18 of 36 pulsars well across eight orders of magnitude.

Extended model achieves good fits for all pulsars by adding two parameters.

Provides physical insights into spectral origins and phase shifts in pulsar emissions.

Abstract

We apply a synchro-curvature spectral emission model based on characterizing the dynamics of magnetospheric particles to fit the phase-average spectra of the most extended database for the non-thermal spectra of pulsars. We consider 36 pulsars with well-determined non-thermal spectra from X-rays to gamma-rays. The sample includes Crab and Crab twin, for which the spectra extends even to the optical/ultraviolet and infrared energies. We find that the model --with just three physical parameters and a global scaling-- can fit the observations well across eight orders of magnitude for 18 of the 36 pulsars studied. Additionally, we find a set of 8 pulsars for which the model still provides arguably good fits and another set of 10 pulsars for which the model fails in reproducing the spectra. We discuss why, propose and provide physical interpretations for a simple model extension (related to the geometry of the accelerating system with regards to the observer) that allows dealing with all such cases, ultimately providing very good fits for all pulsars. The extended model is still austere, adding only two additional parameters to the former set, of the same kind of the ones previously used. We use these fits to discuss issues going from the observed spectral origin, to the extent of the dominance of synchrotron or curvature regimes, the use of a model as predictor for searching new non-thermal pulsars starting from gamma-ray surveys, and how the model offers a setting where phase shifts between X-ray and gamma-ray light curves would naturally arise.