The Effectiveness of Managed Lane Strategies for the Near-term Deployment of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control

TL;DR

This study uses traffic simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of different managed lane strategies for deploying CACC vehicles, focusing on mobility, safety, equity, and environmental impacts in mixed traffic conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive simulation framework and new performance measures, including platoon formation metrics and managed lane score matrices, to assess CACC deployment strategies.

Findings

Mixing CACC and non-CACC traffic is acceptable below 30% market penetration.

Priority access to managed lanes improves traffic performance below 40% market penetration.

Dedicated lanes for CACC vehicles are recommended above 40% market penetration.

Abstract

Traffic simulation is a cost-effective way to test the deployment of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) vehicles in a large-scale transportation network. By using a previously developed microscopic simulation testbed, this paper examines the impacts of four managed lane strategies for the near-term deployment of CACC vehicles under mixed traffic conditions. Network-wide performance measures are investigated from the perspectives of mobility, safety, equity, and environmental impacts. In addition, the platoon formation performance of CACC vehicles is evaluated with platoon-orientated measures, such as the percentage of platooned CACC vehicles, average platoon depth, and vehicle-hour-platooned that is proposed in this paper under the imperfect DSRC communication environment. Moreover, managed lane score matrices are developed to incorporate heterogeneous categories of performance measures, aiming to provide a more comprehensive picture for stakeholders. The results show that mixing CACC traffic along with non-CACC traffic across all travel lanes is an acceptable option when the market penetration (MP) is lower than 30% for roadways where a managed lane is absent. Providing CACC with priority access to an existing managed lane, if available, is also a good strategy for improving the overall traffic performance when the MP is lower than 40%. When the MP reaches above 40%, a dedicated lane for CACC vehicles is recommended, as it provides greater opportunity for CACC vehicles to form platoons. The facilitation of homogeneous CACC traffic flow could make further improvements possible in the future.