Effect of Magnetisation of Bulk Superconductors on Permanent Magnets for Reversible Braking Applications

TL;DR

This study investigates how magnetising bulk Type II superconductors affects their interaction with permanent magnets, exploring reversible braking applications by measuring magnetic fields and forces in static and dynamic setups.

Contribution

It provides experimental and simulation insights into energy transfer mechanisms in magnetised superconductors under non-uniform fields for practical reversible braking applications.

Findings

Magnetic field and force vary with distance in static and moving scenarios.

Energy transfer from magnetisation to thermal energy affects AC response.

Reversible braking potential demonstrated with bulk superconductors.

Abstract

Magnetisation of superconductors are often measured under isothermal and uniform magnetic fields. Magnetisation measurements in an unrestricted thermodynamic state and in non uniform magnetic fields naturally emerge from permanent magnets in comparison with size of superconducting bulk are needed for practical applications. A stationary Type II superconductor bulk sample is magnetised (FC and ZFC) at liquid nitrogen temperatures in the presence of a stationary permanent magnet. Magnetic field produced by magnetised superconductor and permanent magnet as a function of distance are measured along a straight line, a supposed path of another moving permanent magnet. A moving magnet is introduced and moved along the same straight line. Force acting on moving magnet as a function of distance are measured due to magnetisation in superconductor and stationary magnet. Both field and force measurements are quasi static. These experimental results combined with simulation results show insight in to the transfer of energy stored in magnetisation to thermal energy and the effect of rate of this energy transfer in AC response of superconductors which are otherwise not possible with isothermal studies. A possible application of reversible braking with bulk superconductors for motors and generators is explored. Future similar measurements with Type I superconductor would provide more insights in to this study.