Breathing modes in few-layer MoTe$_2$ activated by h-BN encapsulation

TL;DR

This study reveals that h-BN encapsulation significantly alters the vibrational properties of few-layer MoTe$_2$, leading to the emergence of multiple breathing modes in Raman spectra due to enhanced interlayer and substrate interactions.

Contribution

It demonstrates that h-BN encapsulation induces additional breathing modes in MoTe$_2$, highlighting its impact on vibrational properties of layered TMDs, which was previously unreported.

Findings

Three breathing modes observed with h-BN encapsulation

Shear mode remains unaffected by environment changes

Breathing mode structure linked to interlayer and substrate interactions

Abstract

The encapsulation of few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is known to improve significantly their optical and electronic properties. However, it may be expected that the h-BN encapsulation may affect also vibration properties of TMDs due to an atomically flat surface of h-BN layers. In order to study its effect on interlayer interactions in few-layer TMDs, we investigate low-energy Raman scattering spectra of bi- and trilayer MoTe$_2$. Surprisingly, three breathing modes are observed in the Raman spectra of the structures deposited on or encapsulated in h-BN as compared to a single breathing mode for the flakes deposited on a SiO$_2$/Si substrate. The shear mode is not affected by changing the MoTe$_2$ environment. The emerged structure of breathing modes is ascribed to the apparent interaction between the MoTe$_2$ layer and the bottom h-BN flake. The structure becomes visible due to a high-quality surface of the former flake. Consequently, the observed triple structure of breathing modes originates from the combination modes due to interlayer and layer-substrate interactions. Our results confirm that the h-BN encapsulation affects substantially vibration properties of layered materials.