Back-to-back relative-excess observable in search for the chiral magnetic effect

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new observable, $r_{BB}$, focusing on back-to-back pairs in heavy-ion collisions, which enhances sensitivity to the chiral magnetic effect while reducing background interference.

Contribution

The study introduces the $r_{BB}$ observable, demonstrating its effectiveness in isolating CME signals from backgrounds using analytical and simulation methods.

Findings

$r_{BB}$ shows a clear modulation pattern with CME presence.

$r_{BB}$ is less affected by resonance backgrounds than previous methods.

Simulation results confirm analytical predictions.

Abstract

$\textbf{Background:}$ The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is extensively studied in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. In the commonly used reaction plane (RP) dependent, charge dependent azimuthal correlator ($\Delta\gamma$), both the close and back-to-back pairs are included. Many backgrounds contribute to the close pairs (e.g. resonance decays, jet correlations), whereas the back-to-back pairs are relatively free of those backgrounds. $\textbf{Purpose:}$ In order to reduce those backgrounds, we propose a new observable which only focuses on the back-to-back pairs, namely, the relative back-to-back opposite-sign (OS) over same-sign (SS) pair excess ($r_{\text{BB}}$) as a function of the pair azimuthal orientation with respect to the RP ($\varphi_{\text{BB}}$). $\textbf{Methods:}$ We use analytical calculations and toy model simulations to demonstrate the sensitivity of $r_{\text{BB}}(\varphi_{\text{BB}})$ to the CME and its insensitivity to backgrounds. $\textbf{Results:}$ With finite CME, the $\varphi_{\text{BB}}$ distribution of $r_{\text{BB}}$ shows a clear characteristic modulation. Its sensitivity to background is significantly reduced compared to the previous $\Delta\gamma$ observable. The simulation results are consistent with our analytical calculations. $\textbf{Conclusions:}$ Our studies demonstrate that the $r_{\text{BB}}(\varphi_{\text{BB}})$ observable is sensitive to the CME signal and rather insensitive to the resonance backgrounds.