Searching for a Sterile Neutrino in Tau Decays at B-factories

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel method to search for sterile neutrinos that mix with tau neutrinos using B-factory data, exploiting their long lifetime and decay signatures to improve detection sensitivity.

Contribution

It introduces a new technique leveraging tau decay data at B-factories to detect sterile neutrinos with specific mixing properties, enhancing experimental search strategies.

Findings

Sensitivity estimates for BaBar, Belle, and Belle II experiments.

Method effectively suppresses background using vertexing and kinematic constraints.

Potential to measure sterile neutrino mass in tau decays.

Abstract

The phenomenon of neutrino flavor oscillations motivates searches for sterile neutrinos in a broad range of masses and mixing-parameter values. A sterile neutrino $N$ that mixes predominantly with the $\tau$ neutrino is particularly challenging experimentally. To address this challenge, we propose a new method to search for a $\nu_\tau$-mixing with $N$ lighter than the $\tau$ lepton. The method uses the large $e^+e^-\to\tau^+\tau^-$ samples collected at $B$-factory experiments to produce the $N$ in $\tau$-lepton decays. We exploit the long lifetime of a sterile neutrino in this mass range to suppress background and apply kinematic and vertexing constraints that enable measuring the sterile neutrino mass. Estimates for the sensitivities of the BaBar, Belle, and Belle~II experiments are calculated and presented.