A mechanism for formation of Bose-Einstein condensation in cosmology

TL;DR

This paper presents a toy cosmological model where scalar particles with a trilinear coupling lead to the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate of non-relativistic particles due to curved space effects.

Contribution

It introduces a novel mechanism for Bose-Einstein condensation formation in cosmology via scalar particle interactions in curved spacetime.

Findings

Curved space effects promote condensate formation.

Non-relativistic particles emerge from relativistic ones.

Trilinear coupling facilitates Bose-Einstein condensation.

Abstract

We introduce a toy model of scalar particles with a trilinear scalar coupling in cosmology. The trilinear coupling $\phi^2\chi$ causes production of non-relativistic $\phi$ particles through the process $\chi\chi\,\rightarrow\,\phi\phi$ where, initially, only relativistic $\chi$ particles are present. We consider the initial times of $\chi\chi\,\rightarrow\,\phi\phi$ and observe that the curved space effects promote formation of Bose-Einstein condensate of $\phi$ particles.