Exact Results for the Boundary Energy of One-Dimensional Bosons

TL;DR

This paper derives an exact integral equation for the boundary energy of one-dimensional bosons with contact interaction in a hard-wall box, providing precise asymptotic results at different interaction strengths and confirming universality with other models.

Contribution

It introduces an exact integral equation for boundary energy in the thermodynamic limit, improving upon previous approximate methods and enabling precise analysis across interaction regimes.

Findings

Exact boundary energy calculated at arbitrary interactions

Asymptotic results match quantum Monte Carlo simulations

Universal behavior confirmed in the small gas parameter regime

Abstract

We study bosons in a one-dimensional hard-wall box potential. In the case of contact interaction, the system is exactly solvable by the Bethe ansatz, as first shown by Gaudin in 1971. Although contained in the exact solution, the boundary energy in the thermodynamic limit for this problem is only approximately calculated by Gaudin, who found the leading order result at weak repulsion. Here we derive an exact integral equation that enables one to calculate the boundary energy in the thermodynamic limit at an arbitrary interaction. We then solve such an equation and find the asymptotic results for the boundary energy at weak and strong interactions. The analytical results obtained from the Bethe ansatz are in agreement with the ones found by other complementary methods, including quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We study the universality of the boundary energy in the regime of a small gas parameter by making a comparison with the exact solution for the hard rod gas.