# Effects of magnetic anisotropy on spin and thermal transports in classical antiferromagnets on the square lattice

## TL;DR

This study investigates how magnetic anisotropy influences spin and thermal transport in classical antiferromagnets on a square lattice, revealing distinct behaviors at phase transitions and highlighting the topological nature of the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition.

## Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of spin and thermal transport across different anisotropy-induced phase transitions in the classical XXZ model using hybrid Monte-Carlo and spin-dynamics simulations.

## Key findings

- Spin current conductivity diverges at the KT transition with exponential behavior.
- Thermal current does not show significant anomalies at phase transitions.
- Enhanced spin transport near the KT transition is linked to vortex dynamics.

## Abstract

Transport properties of the classical antiferromagnetic XXZ model on the square lattice have been theoretically investigated, putting emphasis on how the occurrence of a phase transition is reflected in spin and thermal transports. As is well known, the anisotropy of the exchange interaction $\Delta\equiv J_z/J_x$ plays a role to control the universality class of the transition of the model, i.e., either a second-order transition at $T_N$ into a magnetically ordered state or the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition at $T_{KT}$, which respectively occur for the Ising-type ($\Delta >1$) and $XY$-type ($\Delta <1$) anisotropies, while for the isotropic Heisenberg case of $\Delta=1$, a phase transition does not occur at any finite temperature. It is found by means of the hybrid Monte-Carlo and spin-dynamics simulations that the spin current probes the difference in the ordering properties, while the thermal current does not. For the $XY$-type anisotropy, the longitudinal spin-current conductivity $\sigma^s_{xx}$ ($=\sigma^s_{yy}$) exhibits a divergence at $T_{KT}$ of the exponential form, $\sigma^s_{xx} \propto \exp\big[ B/\sqrt{T/T_{KT}-1 }\, \big]$ with $B={\cal O}(1)$, while for the Ising-type anisotropy, the temperature dependence of $\sigma^s_{xx}$ is almost monotonic without showing a clear anomaly at $T_{N}$ and such a monotonic behavior is also the case in the Heisenberg-type spin system. The significant enhancement of $\sigma^s_{xx}$ at $T_{KT}$ is found to be due to the exponential rapid growth of the spin-current-relaxation time toward $T_{KT}$, which can be understood as a manifestation of the topological nature of a vortex whose lifetime is expected to get longer toward $T_{KT}$. Possible experimental platforms for the spin-transport phenomena associated with the KT topological transition are discussed.