# Suppression of superfluidity by dissipation -- An application to failed superconductor

## TL;DR

This paper theoretically demonstrates that dissipation can suppress superfluidity in bosonic systems, providing insights into the quantum metallic state observed in two-dimensional superconductors.

## Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework showing how dissipation causes bosons to lose superfluidity and remain metallic, explaining the quantum metal state in 2D superconductors.

## Key findings

- Dissipation can suppress superfluidity in dilute bosonic systems.
- Bosons can remain metallic due to dissipation, losing superfluidity.
- Relevance to quantum vortices in 2D superconductors with finite resistivity.

## Abstract

The ground states of bosons have been classified into superfluid, Mott insulator, and bose glass. Recent experiments in two-dimensional superconductors strongly suggest the existence of the fourth quantum state of Cooper pairs, i.e., bose metal or quantum metal, where the resistivity remains constant at lowest temperature. However, its theoretical understanding remains unsettled. In this paper, we show theoretically that the bosons in the dilute limit subject to dissipation can lose the superfluidity and remain metallic, utilizing the Feynman's picture of superfluidity in the first quantized formulation. This result is relevant to the quantum vortices under an external magnetic field in two-dimensional superconductors with the finite resistivity of the normal core as the source of dissipation.