Ferromagnetism in the SU($n$) Hubbard model with a nearly flat band

TL;DR

This paper rigorously demonstrates SU(n) ferromagnetism in the Hubbard model with a nearly flat band, extending understanding of magnetic order in strongly correlated electron systems with finite density of states.

Contribution

It provides the first rigorous proof of ferromagnetism in nonsingular SU(n) Hubbard models with a nearly flat band, including dispersive cases.

Findings

Ground states exhibit SU(n) ferromagnetism at specific fillings.

Ferromagnetism persists under perturbations making the band nearly flat.

First rigorous example of ferromagnetism with finite density of states and on-site repulsion.

Abstract

We present rigorous results for the SU($n$) Fermi-Hubbard model on the railroad-trestle lattice. We first study the model with a flat band at the bottom of the single-particle spectrum and prove that the ground states exhibit SU($n$) ferromagnetism when the total fermion number is the same as the number of unit cells. We then perturb the model by adding extra hopping terms and make the flat band dispersive. Under the same filling condition, it is proved that the ground states of the perturbed model remain SU($n$) ferromagnetic when the bottom band is nearly flat. This is the first rigorous example of the ferromagnetism in nonsingular SU($n$) Hubbard models in which both the single-particle density of states and the on-site repulsive interaction are finite.