Turbulent coherent structures and early life below the Kolmogorov scale

TL;DR

This paper explores how turbulent coherent structures in water can act as natural compartments, potentially facilitating early biological evolution and cooperation without the need for physical or chemical compartmentalization.

Contribution

It introduces the idea that turbulent flow patterns can serve as natural compartments, influencing evolutionary processes in aqueous environments.

Findings

Coherent structures trap fluid and resemble biological compartments.

Turbulent flows can promote cooperation by localizing individuals.

Group selection models may be applicable in more environments than previously thought.

Abstract

A great number of biological organisms live in aqueous environments. Major evolutionary transitions, including the emergence of life itself, likely occurred in such environments. While the chemical aspects of the role of water in biology are well-studied, the effects of water's physical characteristics on evolutionary events, such as the control of population structure via its rich transport properties, are less clear. Evolutionary transitions such as the emergence of the first cells and of multicellularity, require cooperation among groups of individuals. However, evolution of cooperation faces challenges in unstructured "well-mixed" populations, as parasites quickly overwhelm cooperators. Models that assume population structure to promote cooperation envision such structure to arise from spatial "lattice" models (e.g. surface bound individuals) or compartmentalization models, often realized as protocells. Here we study the effect of turbulent motions in spatial models, and propose that coherent structures, i.e. flow patterns which trap fluid and arise naturally in turbulent flows, may serve many of the properties associated with compartments--collocalization, division, and merging--and thought to play a key role in the origins of life and other evolutionary transitions. These results suggest that group selection models may be applicable with fewer physical and chemical constraints than previously thought, and apply much more widely in aqueous environments.