Quantum optics with single spins

TL;DR

This paper reviews how solid-state defects, especially NV centers in diamond, enable quantum light-matter interactions crucial for quantum networks and computing, highlighting methods for control and readout of solid-state spins.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the quantum coupling between spin states and light in NV centers, including techniques for initialization, control, and readout, advancing solid-state quantum technology.

Findings

NV centers serve as effective quantum memories and interfaces.

All-optical methods enable initialization, control, and readout of solid-state spins.

The techniques discussed are applicable to various defect systems.

Abstract

Defects in solids are in many ways analogous to trapped atoms or molecules. They can serve as long-lived quantum memories and efficient light-matter interfaces. As such, they are leading building blocks for long-distance quantum networks and distributed quantum computers. This chapter describes the quantum-mechanical coupling between atom-like spin states and light, using the diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center as a paradigm. We present an overview of the NV center's electronic structure, derive a general picture of coherent light-matter interactions, and describe several methods that can be used to achieve all-optical initialization, quantum-coherent control, and readout of solid-state spins. These techniques can be readily generalized to other defect systems, and they serve as the basis for advanced protocols at the heart of many emerging quantum technologies.