de Sitter Vacua in the String Landscape
Keshav Dasgupta, Maxim Emelin, Mir Mehedi Faruk, Radu Tatar

TL;DR
This paper investigates the challenging problem of finding de Sitter vacua in string theory, analyzing quantum effects and time-dependent backgrounds to identify conditions that could produce a stable, positive-curvature universe consistent with observations.
Contribution
It introduces a detailed analysis of time-dependent backgrounds in type IIB string theory, including quantum corrections, to demonstrate the potential emergence of stable de Sitter vacua avoiding known no-go theorems.
Findings
Quantum effects may allow de Sitter solutions in string theory.
Time-dependent internal and external spaces are crucial for stable vacua.
Backgrounds with constant Newton's constant can evade swampland criteria.
Abstract
The late-time behavior of our universe is one of accelerated expansion, or that of a de Sitter space, and therefore motivates us to look for time-dependent backgrounds. Finding such backgrounds in string theory has always been a challenging problem. An even harder problem is to find time-dependent backgrounds that allow positive dark energies. As a first step to handle such scenarios, we study a time-dependent background in type IIB theory, with four-dimensional de Sitter isometries, by uplifting it to M-theory and then realizing it as a coherent, or squeezed-coherent, state over an appropriate solitonic configuration. While classically such a background does not solve the equations of motion, the corresponding Schwinger-Dyson equations reveal that there are deeper issues that may even prohibit a solution to exist at the quantum level, as long as the internal space remains…
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