# Motional Sideband Asymmetry of a Nanoparticle Optically Levitated in Free Space

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the observation of quantum zero-point motion in a levitated nanoparticle by measuring motional sideband asymmetry, bridging classical and quantum regimes at ambient conditions.

## Contribution

It presents the first experimental evidence of motional sideband asymmetry in a levitated nanoparticle, indicating quantum ground state behavior at room temperature.

## Key findings

- Observation of motional sideband asymmetry as a quantum signature
- Successful cooling of a nanoparticle to near its quantum ground state
- Evidence of zero-point fluctuations in a macroscopic object

## Abstract

The hallmark of quantum physics is Planck's constant $h$, whose finite value entails the quantization that gave the theory its name. The finite value of $h$ gives rise to inevitable zero-point fluctuations even at vanishing temperature. The zero-point fluctuation of mechanical motion becomes smaller with growing mass of an object, making it challenging to observe at macroscopic scales. Here, we transition a dielectric particle with a diameter of 136 nm from the classical realm to the regime where its zero-point motion emerges as a sizeable contribution to its energy. To this end, we optically trap the particle at ambient temperature in ultrahigh vacuum and apply active feedback cooling to its center-of-mass motion. We measure an asymmetry between the Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands of photons scattered by the levitated particle, which is a signature of the particle's quantum ground state of motion.