# Comparison of wave-structure interaction dynamics of a submerged cylindrical point absorber with three degrees of freedom using potential flow and computational fluid dynamics models

## TL;DR

This study compares potential flow and CFD models for a submerged cylindrical wave energy converter, revealing differences in predicted motions and efficiencies, and exploring effects of PTO tuning, mass density, and wave height on performance.

## Contribution

It provides a detailed comparison between potential flow and CFD models for a 3-DOF submerged wave energy converter, highlighting the limitations and advantages of each approach.

## Key findings

- Potential flow over-predicts heave and surge amplitudes.
- CFD captures slow drift and detailed dynamics.
- Higher PTO damping improves wave absorption efficiency.

## Abstract

In this paper we compare the heave, surge, and pitch dynamics of a submerged cylindrical point absorber, simulated using potential flow and fully-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The potential flow model is based on the time-domain Cummins equation, whereas the CFD model uses the fictitious domain Brinkman penalization (FD/BP) technique. The submerged cylinder is tethered to the seabed using a power take-off (PTO) unit which restrains the heave, surge, and pitch motions of the converter, and absorbs energy from all three modes. It is demonstrated that the potential theory over-predicts the amplitudes of heave and surge motions, whereas it results in an insignificant pitch for a fully-submerged axisymmetric converter. It also under-estimates the slow drift of the buoy, which the CFD model is able to capture reliably. Further, we use fully-resolved CFD simulations to study the performance of a three degrees of freedom (DOF) cylindrical buoy under varying PTO coefficients, mass density of the buoy, and incoming wave heights. It is demonstrated that the PTO coefficients predicted by the linear potential theory are sub-optimal for waves of moderate and high steepness. The wave absorption efficiency improves significantly when higher than the predicted value of the PTO damping is selected. Simulations with different mass densities of the buoy show that converters with low mass densities have an increased tension in their PTO and mooring lines. Moreover, the mass density also influences the range of resonance periods of the device. Finally, simulations with different wave heights show that at higher heights, the wave absorption efficiency of the converter decreases and a large portion of available wave power remains unabsorbed.