Towards infrared toroidal photodevices: A Review

TL;DR

This review explores the fundamentals and recent advances in infrared plasmonic photodetectors, emphasizing the potential of toroidal meta-atoms for high-responsivity, next-generation photodetection technologies.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of toroidal meta-atoms as novel plasmonic structures with unique properties for enhanced infrared photodetection.

Findings

Highlighting the role of plasmon excitations in photocurrent generation.

Demonstrating the potential of toroidal meta-atoms for high-responsivity detectors.

Comparing recent techniques for infrared plasmonic photodetection.

Abstract

Plasmon excitations in metallic nanostructures can decay directly into dynamic electron-hole pairs (EHPs), exploitable for photocurrent generation. This approach has extensively been employed to develop nanoplasmonic light-sensing devices with significant responsivity and quantum efficiency. Of particular interest is infrared plasmonic photodetectors with a wide range of technological applications, including spectroscopy, biosensing, and surveillance. This Review discusses fundamentals, recent advances, and trending mechanisms in the understanding and applications of plasmon-enhanced photocurrent generation in nanostructures across the infrared spectrum. By highlighting and comparing the developed techniques, we demonstrate the newly introduced directions toward achieving high-photon yield infrared plasmonic photodetection tools. As a promising concept in modern photonics, we represent the emergence of toroidal meta-atoms as plasmon-induced carrier generators with unconventionally exquisite properties for designing advanced, rapid, and next-generation plasmonic photodetectors with significantly high responsivity and photocurrent.