# Cosmic Textures and Global Monopoles as Seeds for Super-Massive Black Holes

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how cosmic textures and global monopoles could serve as seed fluctuations for supermassive black holes, potentially explaining their abundance at high redshifts beyond standard cosmological predictions.

## Contribution

It introduces a calculation of seed fluctuation densities from global defects, suggesting they could account for supermassive black holes more effectively than Gaussian fluctuations.

## Key findings

- Global defects can produce higher seed densities than standard models.
- Certain symmetry breaking scales enhance seed formation.
- Potential to resolve high-redshift supermassive black hole abundance issues.

## Abstract

We compute the number density of nonlinear seed fluctuations which have the right number density to be able to explain the presence of one supermassive black hole per galaxy, as a function of redshift. We find that there is an interesting range of symmetry breaking scales for which the density of seeds is larger that what is predicted in the standard cosmological model with Gaussian primordial fluctuations. Hence, global defects may help in light of the mounting tension between the standard cosmological model and observations of supermassive black hole candidates at high redshifts.