# Diffusion equations from master equations -- A discrete geometric approach --

## TL;DR

This paper reformulates continuous-time master equations in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics using discrete geometric methods, revealing their equivalence to diffusion equations and analyzing their spectral and convergence properties.

## Contribution

It introduces a discrete geometric framework for master equations, establishing their connection to diffusion equations and providing new tools for analyzing their dynamics.

## Key findings

- Master equations under detailed balance are equivalent to discrete diffusion equations.
- The Laplacians in these diffusion equations are self-adjoint and have an isospectral property.
- Convergence to equilibrium can be analyzed through the spectral properties of these Laplacians.

## Abstract

In this paper, continuous-time master equations with finite states employed in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics are formulated in the language of discrete geometry. In this formulation, chains in algebraic topology are used, and master equations are described on graphs that consist of vertexes representing states and of directed edges representing transition matrices. It is then shown that master equations under the detailed balance conditions are equivalent to discrete diffusion equations, where the Laplacians are defined as self-adjoint operators with respect to introduced inner products. An isospectral property of these Laplacians is shown for non-zero eigenvalues, and its applications are given. The convergence to the equilibrium state is shown by analyzing this class of diffusion equations. In addition, a systematic way to derive closed dynamical systems for expectation values is given. For the case that the detailed balance conditions are not imposed, master equations are expressed as a form of a continuity equation.