# Landauer's Principle in a Quantum Szilard Engine Without Maxwell's Demon

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that Landauer's principle applies to quantum Szilard engines without Maxwell's demon, showing that quantum measurement-induced localization causes heat dissipation, thus preserving the second law of thermodynamics.

## Contribution

It introduces a demonless quantum Szilard engine model that explicitly incorporates quantum measurement effects and confirms Landauer's principle's validity in this context.

## Key findings

- Quantum measurement causes localization and heat dissipation.
- Landauer's principle holds in demonless quantum engines.
- Quantum effects are crucial for thermodynamic consistency.

## Abstract

Quantum Szilard engine constitutes an adequate interplay of thermodynamics, information theory and quantum mechanics. Szilard engines are in general operated by a Maxwell's Demon where Landauer's principle resolves the apparent paradoxes. Here we propose a Szilard engine setup without featuring an explicit Maxwell's demon. In a demonless Szilard engine, the acquisition of which-side information is not required, but erasure and the related heat dissipation still take place implicitly by the very nature of the work extraction process. We see that the insertion of the partition in a quantum Szilard engine does not localize the particle to one side, instead it creates a superposition state of the particle being in both sides. To be able to extract work from the system, particle has to be localized at one side. The localization occurs as a result of quantum measurement on the particle, which shows the importance of the measurement process regardless of whether one uses the acquired information or not. In accordance with the Landauer's principle, localization by quantum measurement corresponds to a logically irreversible operation and for this reason it has to be accompanied by the corresponding heat dissipation. This shows the validity of the Landauer's principle even in quantum Szilard engines without Maxwell's demon. Furthermore, we take quantum confinement effects fully into account to analyze the Szilard cycle in the quantum regime thoroughly and obtain highly accurate analytical expressions for work and heat exchanges. Our results show that Landauer's principle holds the key role to understand the thermodynamics of the localization of the particle by quantum measurement, which explicitly saves the second law in demonless engines and shows that quantum-mechanical considerations are essential to reconcile thermodynamics and information theory.