# Structure of block quantum dynamical semigroups and their product systems

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the structure of block quantum dynamical semigroups on $C^*$-algebras and von Neumann algebras, establishing a connection between their inclusion systems, morphisms, and product systems, with implications for dilations.

## Contribution

It introduces a contractive morphism linking inclusion systems of von Neumann modules and demonstrates how such morphisms can be lifted to product systems, advancing the understanding of block quantum semigroups.

## Key findings

- Existence of a contractive morphism T between inclusion systems.
- Representation of $\psi_t$ via the morphism T and generating vectors.
- The $E_0$-dilation of block quantum Markov semigroups remains a block map.

## Abstract

W. Paschke's version of Stinespring's theorem associates a Hilbert $C^*$-module along with a generating vector to every completely positive map. Building on this, to every quantum dynamical semigroup (QDS) on a $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal A$ one may associate an inclusion system $E=(E_t)$ of Hilbert $\mathcal A$-$\mathcal A$-modules with a generating unit $\xi =(\xi_t)$. Suppose $\mathcal B$ is a von Neumann algebra, consider $M_2(\mathcal B)$, the von Neumann algebra of $2\times 2$ matrices with entries from $\mathcal B$. Suppose $(\Phi_t)_{t\ge 0}$ with $\Phi_t=\begin{pmatrix} \phi_t^1& \psi_t \psi_t^*&\phi_t^2 \end{pmatrix},$ is a QDS on $M_2(B)$ which acts block-wise and let $(E^i_t)_{t\ge 0}$ be the inclusion system associated to the diagonal QDS $(\phi^i_t)_{t\ge 0}$ with the generating unit $(\xi_t^i)_{t\ge 0}, i=1,2.$ It is shown that there is a contractive (bilinear) morphism $T=(T_t)_{t\ge0}$ from $(E^2_t)_{t\ge 0}$ to $(E^1_t)_{t\ge 0}$ such that $\psi_t(a)=\langle \xi^1_t, T_t a\xi^2_t\rangle $ for all $a\in\mathcal B.$ We also prove that any contractive morphism between inclusion systems of von Neumann $\mathcal B$-$\mathcal B$-modules can be lifted as a morphism between the product systems generated by them. We observe that the $E_0$-dilation of a block quantum Markov semigroup (QMS) on a unital $C^*$-algebra is again a semigroup of block maps.