Shuyi, A Name After Dendritic Cell-mediated Immunological Memory

TL;DR

This paper discusses the concept of immunological memory extending beyond B and T cells, highlighting recent evidence of dendritic cells' memory-like responses and the author's early efforts to identify dendritic cell-mediated memory.

Contribution

The paper presents historical insights and experimental efforts to identify dendritic cell-mediated immunological memory, proposing it as a potential third class of memory-competent immune cells.

Findings

Dendritic cells exhibit a memory-like response after pathogen exposure.

Histone modification plays a role in dendritic cell training.

Dendritic cell memory persists weeks after initial challenge.

Abstract

Immunological memory is a fundamental theory of modern immunology, which is traditionally believed to be mediated only by B and T lymphocytes that recognize antigen epitopes in a receptor-restricted manner. During the last decade data accumulated to show that monocytes and macrophages, the two main initiators of innate immune response, also built up a "memory" to antigens they encountered, though in most concerned publications a different wording (i.e. "train" or"educate") was utilized to describe this feature. More recently, Hole et al demonstrated a "memory-like" response of dendritic cells (DCs). In brief, if fungal-challenged mice could develop a protective immune response, DCs immediately (in 3 weeks) isolated from those mice would manifest a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Even after the mice were allowed to rest for 10 weeks, DCs from them still exhibited an enhanced immune activation profile in their transcriptome and cytokine productions upon re-challenge with same pathogens. Lastly, Hole showed that the "training" or memory-building in DCs was achieved by histone modification. All above findings obtained in monocytes, macrophages or DCs emphasized the necessity for rechecking the questions whether antigen presenting cells (APCs) as a whole could be classified the third class of cells that would mediate immunological memory. In this essay, the author described the effort he made in late 1990s to identify dendtitic cell-mediated memory, and how he named his daughter SHUYI to memorize that hypothesis.