Experimental Demonstration of an Extreme Sub-Wavelength Nanomagnetic Acoustic Antenna Actuated by Spin-Orbit Torque from a Heavy Metal Nanostrip

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates an on-chip sub-wavelength acoustic antenna with significantly enhanced radiation efficiency, achieved by using spin-orbit torque to actuate magnetostrictive nanomagnets, surpassing traditional resonance-based efficiency limits.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel mechanism for acoustic antenna actuation using spin-orbit torque, achieving ~50 times higher efficiency than the theoretical resonance limit.

Findings

Radiation efficiency of ~1% at the detected frequency.

Wavelength to antenna dimension ratio of ~67:1.

Efficiency surpasses the resonance limit by ~50 times.

Abstract

A novel on-chip extreme sub-wavelength "acoustic antenna" whose radiation efficiency is ~50 times larger than the theoretical limit for a resonantly driven antenna is demonstrated. The antenna is composed of magnetostrictive nanomagnets deposited on a piezoelectric substrate. The nanomagnets are partially in contact with a heavy metal (Pt) nanostrip. Passage of alternating current through the nanostrip exerts alternating spin-orbit torque on the nanomagnets and periodically rotates their magnetizations. During the rotation, the magnetostrictive nanomagnets expand and contract, thereby setting up alternating tensile and compressive strain in the piezoelectric substrate underneath. This leads to the generation of a surface acoustic wave in the substrate and makes the nanomagnet assembly act as an acoustic antenna. The measured radiation efficiency of this acoustic antenna at the detected frequency is ~1%, while the wavelength to antenna dimension ratio is ~ 67:1. For a standard antenna driven at acoustic resonance, the efficiency would have been limited to ~ (1/67)^2 = 0.02%. It was possible to beat that limit (by ~50 times) via actuating the antenna not by acoustic resonance, but by using a completely different mechanism involving spin-orbit torque originating from the giant spin Hall effect in Pt.