# Finite-difference time-domain simulation of strong-field ionization: Perfectly matched layer approach

## TL;DR

This paper introduces an FDTD simulation method with PMLs for modeling strong-field electron ionization, demonstrating significant resource savings and superior performance over existing techniques for short-range potentials.

## Contribution

It develops a PML-based FDTD approach for the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, showing improved efficiency and accuracy in simulating electron ionization under strong fields.

## Key findings

- PMLs reduce computational domain size by several orders of magnitude.
- PMLs outperform ECS for short-range potentials in FDTD simulations.
- The method's accuracy is validated against known numerical and analytical results.

## Abstract

A Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) scheme with Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs) is considered for solving the time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation, and simulate the ionization of an electron initially bound to a one-dimensional $\delta$-potential, when applying a strong time-oscillating electric field. The performance of PMLs based on different absorption functions are compared, where we find slowly growing functions to be preferable. PMLs are shown to be able to reduce the computational domain, and thus the required numerical resources, by several orders of magnitude. This is demonstrated by testing the proposed method against an FDTD approach without PMLs and a very large computational domain. We further show that PMLs outperform the well known Exterior Complex Scaling (ECS) technique for short-range potentials when implemented in FDTD, though ECS remains superior for long-range potentials. The accuracy of the method is furthermore demonstrated by comparing with known numerical and analytical results for the $\delta$-potential.