# A New Model for Electron-Capture Supernovae in Galactic Chemical Evolution

## TL;DR

This paper presents a new chemical evolution model incorporating electron-capture supernovae, successfully reproducing solar abundances of several isotopes and offering insights into their astrophysical origins.

## Contribution

It introduces a model combining thermonuclear and gravitational collapse ECSNe, explaining the solar abundance of key isotopes without conflicting with existing Galactic chemical evolution constraints.

## Key findings

- Model reproduces solar isotopic abundances of key elements.
- Both thermonuclear and gravitational ECSNe contribute significantly.
- The model aligns with observed Galactic chemical composition.

## Abstract

We examine the contribution of electron-capture supernovae (ECSNe), low-mass SNe from collapsing Fe cores (FeCCSNe), and rotating massive stars to the chemical composition of the Galaxy. Our model includes contributions to chemical evolution from both thermonuclear ECSNe (tECSNe) and gravitational collapse ECSNe (cECSNe). We show that if ECSNe are predominantly gravitational collapse SNe but about 15% are partial thermonuclear explosions, the model is able to reproduce the solar abundances of several important and problematic isotopes including $^{48}$Ca, $^{50}$Ti and $^{54}$Cr together with $^{58}$Fe, $^{64}$Ni, $^{82}$Se and $^{86}$Kr and several of the Zn--Zr isotopes. A model in which no cECSNe occur, only tECSNe with low-mass FeCCSNe or rotating massive stars, proves also very successful at reproducing the solar abundances for these isotopes. Despite the small mass range for the progenitors of ECSNe and low-mass FeCCSNe, the large production factors suffice for the solar inventory of the above isotopes. Our model is compelling because it introduces no new tensions with the solar abundance distribution for a Milky Way model -- only tending to improve the model predictions for several isotopes. The proposed astrophysical production model thus provides a natural and elegant way to explain one of the last uncharted territories on the periodic table of astrophysical element production.