# Continuous time random walk concepts applied to extended mode coupling theory: A study of the Stokes-Einstein breakdown

## TL;DR

This paper analyzes the limitations of an extended mode coupling theory in explaining the Stokes-Einstein breakdown in supercooled liquids, and proposes a CTRW-based modification incorporating renewal theory to account for the decoupling.

## Contribution

It introduces a CTRW formalism with renewal theory into the extended MCT, successfully explaining the Stokes-Einstein breakdown.

## Key findings

- Unified theory fails to predict SE breakdown due to dominance of fast dynamics.
- CTRW formalism reveals the importance of waiting time distributions in dynamics.
- Modified theory with renewal concept explains decoupling between structural relaxation and diffusion.

## Abstract

In an attempt to extend the mode coupling theory (MCT) to lower temperatures, an Unified theory was proposed which within the MCT framework incorporated the activated dynamics via the random first order transition theory (RFOT). Here we show that the theory although successful in describing other properties of supercooled liquids is unable to capture the Stokes-Einstein breakdown. We then show using continuous time random work (CTRW) formalism that the Unified theory is equivalent to a CTRW dynamics in presence of two waiting time distributions. It is known from earlier work on CTRW that in such cases the total dynamics is dominated by the fast motion. This explains the failure of the Unified theory in predicting the SE breakdown as both the structural relaxation and the diffusion process are described by the comparatively fast MCT like dynamics. The study also predicts that other forms of extended MCT will face a similar issue. We next modify the Unified theory by applying the concept of renewal theory, usually used in CTRW models where the distribution has a long tail. According to this theory the first jump given by the persistent time is slower than the subsequent jumps given by the exchange time. We first show that for systems with two waiting time distributions even when both the distributions are exponential the persistent time is larger than the exchange time. We also identify the persistent time with the slower activated process. The extended Unified theory can now explain the SE breakdown. In this extended theory at low temperatures the structural relaxation is described by the activated dynamics whereas the diffusion is primarily determined by the MCT like dynamics leading to a decoupling between them. We also calculate a dynamic lengthscale from the wavenumber dependence of the relaxation time. We find that this dynamic length scale grows faster than the static length scale.