# New results in solar modulation modeling in light of recent cosmic-ray data from space

## TL;DR

This paper introduces an improved, validated model of solar modulation of cosmic rays, leveraging recent space-borne data to better understand how solar activity influences cosmic ray flux within the heliosphere.

## Contribution

The paper presents a novel, validated model of solar modulation that incorporates recent cosmic-ray data and detailed heliospheric physics, enhancing understanding of GCR transport and solar activity effects.

## Key findings

- Enhanced model of solar modulation validated with recent data
- Identified key parameters linking GCR flux to solar activity
- Provided new insights into GCR transport mechanisms in the heliosphere

## Abstract

Thanks to space-borne experiments such as the AMS-02 and PAMELA missions in low-Earth orbit, along with the Voyager spacecrafts in the interstellar space, a large collection of multi-channel and time-resolved Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) data has recently become available. Here we present an improved measured-validated model of the "solar modulation" effect, i.e., the temporal evolution of the GCR flux inside the heliosphere caused by the 11-year variability cycle of the Sun's magnetic activity. We present our improved modeling of the structure of the heliosphere, the physical mechanisms of diffusion, drift, and energy losses of GCR particles in the heliosphere. We present our results for the temporal dependence of the key model parameters and their relationship with solar activity proxies. We discuss implications for the GCR transport in magnetic turbulence, and new insights on our understanding of the solar modulation phenomenon.