# Feedback from low-luminosity radio galaxies: B2 0258+35

## TL;DR

This study investigates how low-luminosity radio AGN, specifically B2 0258+35, interact with and influence their surrounding interstellar medium through jet-induced turbulence and shocks, highlighting their role in galaxy feedback processes.

## Contribution

It provides high-resolution observations and modeling of cold and ionized gas interactions in a low-luminosity radio galaxy, demonstrating jet-induced turbulence and shocks in the ISM.

## Key findings

- Cold gas in NGC 1167 is highly turbulent (~90 km/s) due to jet interaction.
- Ionized gas shows evidence of shock heating near the radio source.
- Radio jets can drive shocks into the ISM at large distances, impacting galaxy evolution.

## Abstract

Low-luminosity radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) are of importance in studies concerning feedback from radio AGN since a dominant fraction of AGN belong to this class. We report high-resolution Very Large Array (VLA) and European VLBI Network (EVN) observations of HI-21cm absorption from a young, compact steep-spectrum radio source, B2 0258+35, nested in the early-type galaxy NGC 1167, which contains a 160 kpc HI disc. Our VLA and EVN HI absorption observations, modelling, and comparison with molecular gas data suggest that the cold gas in the centre of NGC 1167 is very turbulent (with a velocity dispersion of ~ 90 km/s) and that this turbulence is induced by the interaction of the jets with the interstellar medium (ISM). Furthermore, the ionised gas in the galaxy shows evidence of shock heating at a few kpc from the radio source. These findings support the results from numerical simulations of radio jets expanding into a clumpy gas disc, which predict that the radio jets in this case percolate through the gas disc and drive shocks into the ISM at distances much larger than their physical extent. These results expand the number of low-luminosity radio sources found to impact the surrounding medium, thereby highlighting the possible relevance of these AGN for feedback.