# Detection of a slow HI bar in the dwarf irregular galaxy DDO 168

## TL;DR

This study reports the discovery and analysis of a rare, slow, weak HI bar in the dwarf irregular galaxy DDO 168, providing insights into bar dynamics and the influence of dark matter halos.

## Contribution

First detection of an HI bar in DDO 168, with detailed measurements of its pattern speed, strength, and lifetime, highlighting the impact of dark matter on bar dynamics.

## Key findings

- HI bar has a pattern speed of 23.3 km/s/kpc.
- The bar's lifetime is approximately 530 million years.
- The bar is classified as a slow, weak bar with a radius of about 1 kpc.

## Abstract

We examine the HI total intensity maps of the VLA LITTLE-THINGS galaxies and identify an HI bar in the dwarf irregular galaxy DDO 168 which has a dense and compact dark matter halo that dominates at all radii. This is only the third galaxy found to host an HI bar. Using the HI kinematic data, we apply the Tremaine-Weinberg method to estimate the pattern speed of the bar. The HI bar is found to have an average pattern speed of $23.3 \pm 5.9$ km/s/kpc. Interestingly, for the first time, we find that the observed pattern speeds of the bar in the two kinematic halves are different. We identify the origin of this difference to be the kinematic asymmetry. This observed offset in the pattern speed serves to put a stringent constraint on the lifetime of the bar set by the winding timescale. The lifetime of the bar is found to be $\sim 5.3 \times 10^8$ years, which is $\sim 2$ times the local dynamical time scale of the disc. We also find the HI bar in DDO 168 to be a weak bar with a strength of $\sim 0.2$. If HI bar being weak can be easily disturbed, this could possibly explain why it is extremely rare to observe HI bars in galaxies. We estimate the bar radius to be $\sim 1$ kpc and the dimensionless ratio, $R_L/R_b$ to be $\geq$ 2.1 indicating a `slow' bar in DDO 168. Our results confirm the proposition that the dynamical friction with the halo slows down a rotating bar in a galaxy dominated by dark matter halo from inner radii.