Gravitational waves triggered by $B-L$ charged hidden scalar and leptogenesis

TL;DR

This paper explores how a conformal $U(1)_{B-L}$ extension with a hidden scalar influences electroweak symmetry breaking, dark matter, gravitational waves, and leptogenesis, providing testable predictions for future GW detectors.

Contribution

It introduces a novel conformal $U(1)_{B-L}$ model with a hidden scalar affecting symmetry breaking, dark matter, and gravitational wave signals, linking these phenomena with leptogenesis.

Findings

Strong first order phase transition produces detectable gravitational waves.

Hidden scalar impacts the viability of resonant leptogenesis.

Model predicts GW signals within LISA's sensitivity range.

Abstract

We study the electroweak symmetry breaking in the framework of a classically conformal $U(1)_{B-L}$ theory, where three right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) and a hidden scalar are introduced, with the latter playing the role of dark matter (DM). It is found that the DM and RHN sectors are crucial for the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry, strong first order phase transition in the conformal theory and the resultant gravitational wave (GW) prospects at future space-based interferometer LISA and other GW experiments. The baryon asymmetry of the Universe is addressed by the resonant leptogenesis mechanism, which is potentially disturbed by the hidden scalar. To make the GW spectra detectable by LISA and resonant leptogenesis work in the conformal $U(1)_{B-L}$ theory, the hidden scalar can not fully saturate the observed DM relic density.