An Enhanced Machine Learning-based Biometric Authentication System Using RR-Interval Framed Electrocardiograms

TL;DR

This paper presents an improved ECG-based biometric authentication system utilizing RR-interval framing and performance optimization techniques, achieving up to 95% accuracy and enhancing security in digital health applications.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel RR-interval framing method and an overall performance metric to optimize ECG-based biometric authentication accuracy.

Findings

Achieved 95% authentication accuracy.

Optimized performance with a UCL of 0.0028.

Accepted 61 out of 70 samples for optimal results.

Abstract

This paper is targeted in the area of biometric data enabled security system based on the machine learning for the digital health. The disadvantages of traditional authentication systems include the risks of forgetfulness, loss, and theft. Biometric authentication is therefore rapidly replacing traditional authentication methods and is becoming an everyday part of life. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was recently introduced as a biometric authentication system suitable for security checks. The proposed authentication system helps investigators studying ECG-based biometric authentication techniques to reshape input data by slicing based on the RR-interval, and defines the Overall Performance (OP), which is the combined performance metric of multiple authentication measures. We evaluated the performance of the proposed system using a confusion matrix and achieved up to 95% accuracy by compact data analysis. We also used the Amang ECG (amgecg) toolbox in MATLAB to investigate the upper-range control limit (UCL) based on the mean square error, which directly affects three authentication performance metrics: the accuracy, the number of accepted samples, and the OP. Using this approach, we found that the OP can be optimized by using a UCL of 0.0028, which indicates 61 accepted samples out of 70 and ensures that the proposed authentication system achieves an accuracy of 95%.