# Career Choice as an Extended Spatial Evolutionary Public Goods Game

## TL;DR

This paper models career choices as an extended spatial evolutionary public goods game, analyzing how productivity, human capital, and subsidies influence individual decisions and overall social welfare.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel extended spatial evolutionary public goods game model to study career choices and social output, incorporating social value orientation and external factors.

## Key findings

- Low public work productivity leads to preference for private sector.
- Higher public work productivity combined with subsidies boosts social output.
- Subsidies can decrease social welfare when public work productivity is low.

## Abstract

We propose an extended spatial evolutionary public goods game (SEPGG) model to study the dynamics of individual career choice and the corresponding social output. Based on the social value orientation theory, we categorized two classes of work, namely the public work if it serves public interests, and the private work if it serves personal interests. Under the context of SEPGG, choosing public work is to cooperate and choosing private work is to defect. We then investigate the effects of employee productivity, human capital and external subsidies on individual career choices of the two work types, as well as the overall social welfare. From simulation results, we found that when employee productivity of public work is low, people are more willing to enter the private sector. Although this will make both the effort level and human capital of individuals doing private work higher than those engaging in public work, the total outcome of the private sector is still lower than that of the public sector provided a low level of public subsidies. When the employee productivity is higher for public work, a certain amount of subsidy can greatly improve system output. On the contrary, when the employee productivity of public work is low, provisions of subsidy to the public sector can result in a decline in social output.