# Distances to Galactic OB-stars: Photometry vs. Parallax

## TL;DR

This study compares spectrophotometric and Gaia parallax distances for 139 OB stars, highlighting discrepancies and the impact of stellar classification, reddening, and absolute magnitude calibrations on distance accuracy.

## Contribution

It provides updated distance estimates for OB stars using new spectral classifications and photometry, and assesses differences with Gaia parallaxes, informing future Galactic structure studies.

## Key findings

- Significant differences between photometric and Gaia distances beyond 1.5 kpc.
- Reddening corrections and stellar classifications significantly affect distance estimates.
- Future Gaia data releases will enhance distance precision to massive star-forming regions.

## Abstract

For application to surveys of interstellar matter and Galactic structure, we compute new spectrophotometric distances to 139 OB stars frequently used as background targets for UV spectroscopy. Many of these stars have updated spectral types and digital photometry with reddening corrections from the Galactic O-Star (GOS) spectroscopic survey. We compare our new photometric distances to values used in previous IUE and FUSE surveys and to parallax distances derived from Gaia-DR2, after applying a standard (0.03 mas) offset from the quasar celestial reference frame. We find substantial differences between photometric and parallax distances (at d > 1.5 kpc) with increasing dispersion when parallax errors exceed 8%. Differences from previous surveys arise from new GOS stellar classifications, especially luminosity classes, and from reddening corrections. We apply our methods to two OB associations. For Perseus OB1 (nine O-stars) we find mean distances of $2.47\pm0.57$ kpc (Gaia parallax) and $2.99\pm0.14$ kpc (photometric) using a standard grid of absolute magnitudes (Bowen et al. 2008). For 29 O-stars in Car OB1 associated with Trumpler-16, Trumpler-14, Trumpler-15, and Collinder-228 star clusters, we find $2.87\pm0.73$ kpc (Gaia parallax) and $2.60\pm0.28$ kpc (photometric). Using an alternative grid of O-star absolute magnitudes (Martins et al. 2005) shifts these photometric distances 7% closer. Improving the distances to OB-stars will require attention to spectral types, photometry, reddening, binarity, and the grid of absolute magnitudes. We anticipate that future measurements in Gaia-DR3 will improve the precision of distances to massive star-forming regions in the Milky Way.