# Coupling Constant Corrections in a Holographic Model of Heavy Ion Collisions with Nonzero Baryon Number Density

## TL;DR

This paper uses holography to model heavy ion collisions with nonzero baryon density, analyzing how finite gauge coupling corrections affect the distribution of baryon charge after collisions.

## Contribution

It introduces four-derivative gravitational terms in holographic models to study finite coupling effects on baryon density dynamics in heavy ion collisions.

## Key findings

- Less baryon density is stopped at mid-rapidity with reduced coupling.
- More baryon density moves near the lightcone at lower coupling.
- Finite coupling corrections influence charge distribution post-collision.

## Abstract

Sufficiently energetic collisions of heavy ions result in the formation of a droplet of a strongly coupled liquid state of QCD matter known as quark-gluon plasma. By using gauge-gravity duality (holography), a model of a rapidly hydrodynamizing and thermalizing process like this can be constructed by colliding sheets of energy density moving at the speed of light and tracking the subsequent evolution. In this work, we consider the dual gravitational description of such collisions in the most general bulk theory with a four-derivative gravitational action containing a dynamical metric and a gauge field in five dimensions. Introducing the bulk gauge field enables the analysis of collisions of sheets which carry nonzero "baryon" number density in addition to energy density. Introducing the four-derivative terms enables consideration of such collisions in a gauge theory with finite gauge coupling, working perturbatively in the inverse coupling. While the dynamics of energy and momentum in the presence of perturbative inverse-coupling corrections has been analyzed previously, here we are able to determine the effect of such finite coupling corrections on the dynamics of the density of a conserved global charge, which we take as a model for the dynamics of nonzero baryon number density. In accordance with expectations, as the coupling is reduced we observe that after the collisions less baryon density ends up stopped at mid-rapidity and more of it ends up moving near the lightcone.