# Write head design for effective curvature reduction in heat-assisted magnetic recording by topology optimization

## TL;DR

This paper uses topology optimization to design heat-assisted magnetic recording heads with large field gradients, aiming to reduce transition curvature and improve data density, but finds that conventional head optimization alone is insufficient for significant improvements.

## Contribution

The study applies topology optimization to design HAMR heads with enhanced field gradients, revealing limitations of conventional designs for curvature reduction.

## Key findings

- Optimized head design does not significantly improve transition curvature.
- Higher field gradients alone are insufficient for effective curvature reduction.
- New head concepts are necessary beyond simple optimization.

## Abstract

The reduction of the transition curvature of written bits in heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is expected to play an important role for the future areal density increase of hard disk drives. Recently a write head design with flipped write and return poles was proposed. In this design a large spatial field gradient of the write head was the key to significantly reduce the transition curvature. In this work we optimized the write pole of a heat-assisted magnetic recording head in order to produce large field gradients as well as large fields in the region of the heat pulse. This is done by topology optimization. The simulations are performed with dolfin-adjoint. For the maximum field gradients of $8.1\,$mT/nm, $8.6\,$mT/nm and $11.8\,$mT/nm, locally resolved footprints of an FePt like hard magnetic recording medium are computed with a coarse-grained Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch (LLB) model and the resulting transition curvature is analysed. Additional simulations with a bilayer structure with $50\%$ hard and $50\%$ soft magnetic material are computed. The results show that for both recording media, the optimized head design does not lead to any significant improvement of the written track. Thus, we analyse the transition curvature for the optimized write heads theoretically with an effective recording time window (ERTW) model. Moreover, we check how higher field gradients influence the curvature reduction. The results show that a simple optimization of the conventional head design design is not sufficient for effective curvature reduction. Instead, new head concepts will be needed to reduce transition curvature.