# A new and coherent interstitial-ice model for pure water part II: explaining the conflicting Hall data

## TL;DR

This paper proposes a new interstitial-ice model for pure water that explains the small Hall mobilities of ions by identifying two types of ion-vacancy complexes and their distinct effects on electric polarization.

## Contribution

It introduces a coherent interstitial-ice model that accounts for ion mobility and Hall effect behavior in pure water, challenging mainstream Grotthuss-based explanations.

## Key findings

- Identifies two types of ion-vacancy complexes affecting mobility.
- Explains small Hall mobilities through complexes that do not alter polarization.
- Proposes a thermally-induced hopping mechanism as dominant in water.

## Abstract

In part I of this paper the electric behaviour of pure water is described by an interstitial-ice model, the so-called Protonic-Semiconductor Interstitial-Ice or PSII model. Liquid water consists of an intact ice-like lattice with a significant percentage of both vacant lattice positions and water molecules filling the interstitial sites of the open ice-like lattice. It is shown that not the Grotthuss mechanism is dominant in water but a thermally-induced hopping mechanism of the H$^+$ and OH$^-$ ions linked to vacancies. In part II this hopping mechanism is further explored and confronted to the small Hall mobilities of the ions, still unexplained with mainstream models. Two types of complexes are found. The first type is composed of either charged vacancies with the opposite charge of the ion (H$^+$VL and OH$^-$VD) or neutral vacancies (H$^+$V and OH$^-$V). These complexes are responsible for the major part of the mobility of the ions. However, their movement is changing the electric polarisation density of the lattice structure blocking the Hall effect of these complexes. The second type of complexes contains a vacancy charged similar as the ion (H$^+$VD and OH$^-$VL). This second type is responsible for only a small fraction of the electric mobility (10-20%), but their movement is not altering the electric polarisation of the lattice structure. They are responsible for the measured small Hall mobilities of the ions.