# Triangle singularities in ${J/\psi\rightarrow\eta\pi^0\phi}$ and ${\pi^0\pi^0\phi}$

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how triangle singularities can produce a peak around 1.4 GeV in certain J/psi decay processes, offering an alternative explanation to resonance for observed structures.

## Contribution

It demonstrates that triangle singularities from K*Kbar K diagrams can mimic resonance-like peaks in J/psi decay Dalitz plots, providing a non-resonant explanation for the observed band.

## Key findings

- Triangle diagrams can produce a peak at 1.4 GeV in the pi0 phi invariant mass.
- The Dalitz plot features are consistent with triangle singularity effects.
- Further data can distinguish between resonance and triangle singularity explanations.

## Abstract

The BESIII Collaboration recently reported the observation of the $a_0(980)^0-f_0(980)$ mixing in the isospin breaking decay $J/\psi\to \eta\pi^0\phi$. In the Dalitz plot for that decay with the $\eta$ reconstructed from two photons, there is a band around $1.4$~GeV on the $\pi^0 \phi$ distribution. In general, this peak can be due to a resonance or a kinematic effect. In this paper, we study the effects of a set of $K^*K\bar K$ triangle diagrams, and show that due to triangle singularities such diagrams can lead to a peak around 1.4~GeV in the $\pi^0\phi$ invariant mass distribution. The Dalitz plot induced by such a mechanism has a feature consistent with the BESIII observation, namely events along the band accumulate at both ends close to the Dalitz plot boundary. The effect of the same mechanism on the $J/\psi\to \pi^0\pi^0\phi$ and $J/\psi \to \eta\pi^0 K^+K^-$ decays are also investigated. We suggest to take more data for the $J/\psi\to \eta\pi^0\phi\to \eta\pi^0 K^+ K^-$ and check whether the structure around $1.4$~GeV persists for the $K^+K^-$ invariant mass away from the $\phi$ mass region. This is crucial for understanding whether the band is due to triangle singularities or due to a resonance. Were it the latter, the band should remain while it would not if it is due to the former.