# Correction of Channel Sounding Clock Drift and Antenna Rotation Effects for mmWave Angular Profile Measurements

## TL;DR

This paper presents a correction algorithm for clock drift and antenna rotation effects in mmWave channel sounding, significantly improving the accuracy of multipath component detection in high-frequency propagation measurements.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel correction method for clock drift and antenna rotation errors in mmWave channel sounding measurements, enhancing multipath component extraction accuracy.

## Key findings

- Matched MPCs increased from 28.36% to 74.13% after correction.
- The proposed algorithm effectively reduces errors caused by clock drift and antenna movement.
- Improved MPC detection accuracy benefits mmWave channel characterization.

## Abstract

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands will be used for the fifth generation communication systems to support high data rates. For the proper characterization of the mmWave propagation channel, it is essential to measure the power angular-delay profile (PADP) of the channel which includes angle-of-departure (AoD) and angle-of-arrival (AoA) of the multipath components (MPCs). In this paper, we first describe in detail our 28 GHz channel sounder where directional horn antennas are placed on rotating gimbals. Then, for this specific sounder class, we describe and address the following two problems in extracting the MPCs from the measurements: 1) For the channel measurements at large distances between the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX), it is not possible to generate the triggering signal for the TX and the RX using a single clock (SICL). This necessitates the use of separate clocks (SECLs) which introduces a random timing drift between the clocks. 2) As the positions of the antennas change during the scanning process, total distance traveled by the same MPC differs at each measurement. These two errors together cause missing some of the MPCs and detecting MPCs that do not exist in reality. We propose an algorithm to correct the clock drift and the errors in the MPC delays due to the rotation of the antennas. We compare the MPCs from the SICL measurement and the corrected SECL measurements using a Hungarian algorithm based MPC matching method. We show that the percentage of the matched MPCs increases from 28.36% to 74.13% after the correction process.