# Electronics without bridging components

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new concept of electronic devices composed solely of two electrodes separated by a gap, capable of exhibiting various functionalities without any bridging components, using a tight-binding model.

## Contribution

It demonstrates that functional electronic and spintronic behaviors can be achieved solely through electrode material and structural design, without traditional bridging elements.

## Key findings

- Achieves ohmic, rectification, and negative differential resistance behaviors.
- Shows spin-filtering and magnetoresistance effects.
- Highlights the role of surface-bulk coupling in current-voltage characteristics.

## Abstract

We propose a new paradigm of electronic devices based only on two electrodes separated by a gap, i.e. without any functional element bridging them. We use a tight-binding model to show that, depending on the type of material of the electrodes and its structure, several electronic functionalities can be achieved: ohmic behaviour, rectification, negative differential resistance, spin-filtering and magnetoresistance. In particular, we show that it is possible to deliver a given functionality by changing the coupling between the surface and bulk states and between the surface states across the gap, which dramatically changes the current-voltage characteristics. These results prove that it is possible to have functional electronic and spintronic elements on the nanoscale without having physical components bridging the electrodes.