# Stability of Gluonic Systems with Multiple Soft Interactions

## TL;DR

This paper analyzes the stability of soft gluons in high-energy cosmic ray interactions, classifying stability regions and correlating theoretical models with experimental data to understand phase transitions in gluonic systems.

## Contribution

It introduces a classification of gluon density fluctuation regions and explores stability properties in the context of cosmic ray air showers, linking theoretical models with experimental results.

## Key findings

- Identification of stability regions in gluon density fluctuations.
- Correlation between stability properties and experimental data.
- Evidence of geometric phase transitions in gluonic systems.

## Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the stability properties of soft gluons in SIBYLL 2.1 with reference to its original version 1.7 that corresponds to hadronic hard interactions. In order to investigate the stability structures, we classify the regions of the gluon density fluctuations in its double leading logarithmic approximation and its equivalent description as the fractional power law. In the parameter space of initial transverse momentum $Q$ and QCD renormalization scale $L$ that correspond to extensive air showers of cosmic rays, we have categorized the surface of parameters over which the proton is stable. We further discuss the nature of local and global correlations and stability properties where the concerning statistical basis yields a stable system or undergoes a geometric phase transition. Finally, we give a phenomenological understanding towards the stability of soft interactions, Pomeron particle productions in minijet model, string fragmentation and verify our result corresponding to the experiments - CDF, P238, UAS, GEUS and UA4 collaborations.