# Excitation and propagation of spin waves in non-uniformly magnetized waveguides

## TL;DR

This study investigates how non-uniform magnetization affects spin wave excitation and propagation in ferromagnetic waveguides, highlighting differences between magnetoelastic and Oersted field excitation methods through micromagnetic simulations.

## Contribution

It reveals the influence of nonuniform magnetization on spin wave modes and demonstrates control over mode excitation via strain and geometry, contrasting magnetoelastic and Oersted field effects.

## Key findings

- Both excitation methods generate quantized width modes with odd and even numbers.
- Magnetoelastic excitation produces nonuniform profiles, unlike the uniform Oersted field.
- Second-order modes are generally more efficiently excited than first-order modes.

## Abstract

The characteristics of spin waves in ferromagnetic waveguides with nonuniform magnetization have been investigated for situations where the shape anisotropy field of the waveguide is comparable to the external bias field. Spin-wave generation was realized by the magnetoelastic effect by applying normal and shear strain components, as well as by the Oersted field emitted by an inductive antenna. The magnetoelastic excitation field has a nonuniform profile over the width of the waveguide because of the nonuniform magnetization orientation, whereas the Oersted field remains uniform. Using micromagnetic simulations, we indicate that both types of excitation fields generate quantised width modes with both odd and even mode numbers as well as tilted phase fronts. We demonstrate that these effects originate from the average magnetization orientation with respect to the main axes of the magnetic waveguide. Furthermore, it is indicated that the excitation efficiency of the second-order mode generally surpasses that of the first-order mode due to their symmetry. The relative intensity of the excited modes can be controlled by the strain state as well as by tuning the dimensions of the excitation area. Finally, we demonstrate that the nonreciprocity of spin-wave radiation due to the chirality of an Oersted field generated by an inductive antenna is absent for magnetoelastic spin-wave excitation.