Generalized Hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy in an optically dense medium

TL;DR

This paper investigates how hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy techniques can be optimized in optically dense cold atomic media to reduce light shift sensitivities, with theoretical analysis and proposed composite pulse protocols.

Contribution

It introduces generalized hyper-Ramsey schemes and pulse modifications that suppress light shift sensitivities in dense atomic media.

Findings

Pulse shape changes affect resonance and error signals.

Modified protocols reduce light shift sensitivity.

Spontaneous decay impacts the effectiveness of schemes.

Abstract

In this work, the peculiarities of Ramsey resonance and its sensitivity to the light shift from an optically dense medium of cold atoms are investigated. We considered different composite pulse protocols for clock spectroscopy such as hyper-Ramsey, modified and generalized hyper-Ramsey schemes. Shapes of resonances and error signals changes significantly due to the processes of absorption and dispersion in the atomic medium. The dependence of the position of the central fringe resonance with a residual uncompensated light shift of the atomic transition is theoretically studied when taking into account the attenuation of the radiation intensity in the medium. The change in pulses area of the hyper-Ramsey protocol allows us to suppress the sensitivity of the clock resonance position to the residual light shift for a certain length of the medium. It is shown that using a combination of generalized hyper- Ramsey error signals allows us to suppress the sensitivity to the light shift for any length of the medium. Also we analyzed the effect of spontaneous decay of high atomic state on the light shift sensitivity of the composite pulses schemes.