# Anomalous Diffusion in One-Dimensional Disordered Systems: A Discrete Fractional Laplacian Method

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how anomalous diffusion affects energy localization in one-dimensional disordered systems using a discrete fractional Laplacian, revealing sub-diffusive and super-diffusive behaviors through numerical simulations.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel application of the discrete fractional Laplacian to study anomalous diffusion in disordered systems, extending Anderson model analysis.

## Key findings

- Localization is enhanced for sub-diffusive cases ($s extgreater1$).
- Super-diffusive cases ($s extless1$) show less localized energy states.
- The method can analyze systems with strong interactions and structural defects.

## Abstract

This work extends the applications of Anderson-type Hamiltonians to include transport characterized by anomalous diffusion. Herein, we investigate the transport properties of a one-dimensional disordered system that employs the discrete fractional Laplacian, $(-\Delta)^s,\ s\in(0,2),$ in combination with results from spectral and measure theory. It is a classical mathematical result that the standard Anderson model exhibits localization of energy states for all nonzero disorder in one-dimensional systems. Numerical simulations utilizing our proposed model demonstrate that this localization effect is enhanced for sub-diffusive realizations of the operator, $s\in (1,2),$ and that the super-diffusive realizations of the operator, $s\in (0,1),$ can exhibit energy states with less localized features. These results suggest that the proposed method can be used to examine anomalous diffusion in physical systems where strong interactions, structural defects, and correlated effects are present.