# The electromagnetic radiation whose decay violates the inverse-square law: detailed mathematical treatment of an experimentally realized example

## TL;DR

This paper analyzes a novel electromagnetic radiation emitted by a superluminal rotating source pattern, showing it decays with distance as d^(-α) where α is between 1 and 2, differing from conventional inverse-square law behavior.

## Contribution

It provides a detailed mathematical and numerical analysis of radiation from a superluminal rotating source, revealing non-standard decay and polarization properties.

## Key findings

- Radiation flux density is sharply directed and linearly polarized within a specific beam.
- Decay of radiation intensity follows a power law with exponent between 1 and 2.
- The emission process is intrinsically transient with negative average energy density change.

## Abstract

I analyse and numerically evaluate the radiation field generated by an experimentally realized embodiment of an electric polarization current whose rotating distribution pattern moves with linear speeds exceeding the speed of light in vacuum. I find that the flux density of the resulting emission (i) has a dominant value and is linearly polarized within a sharply delineated radiation beam whose orientation and polar width are determined by the range of values of the linear speeds of the rotating source distribution, and (ii) decays with the distance $d$ from the source as $d^{-\alpha}$ in which the value of $\alpha$ lies between $1$ and $2$ (instead of being equal to $2$ as in a conventional radiation) across the beam. In that the rate at which boundaries of the retarded distribution of such a source change with time depends on its duration monotonically, this is an intrinsically transient emission process: temporal rate of change of the energy density of the radiation generated by it has a time-averaged value that is negative (instead of being zero as in a conventional radiation) at points where the envelopes of the wave fronts emanating from the constituent volume elements of the source distribution are cusped. The difference in the fluxes of power across any two spheres centred on the source is in this case balanced by the change with time of the energy contained inside the shell bounded by those spheres. These results are relevant not only to long-range transmitters in communications technology but also to astrophysical objects containing rapidly rotating neutron stars (such as pulsars) and to the interpretation of the energetics of the multi-wavelength emissions from sources that lie at cosmological distances (such as radio and gamma-ray bursts). The analysis presented in this paper is self-contained and supersedes my earlier works on this problem.