# Constraining warm dark matter power spectrum using the cross-correlation of HI 21 cm signal and the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest

## TL;DR

This paper explores how upcoming radio and spectroscopic surveys can measure the warm dark matter power spectrum through cross-correlation of HI 21 cm signals and Lyman-alpha forest, aiming to constrain WDM mass and density.

## Contribution

It demonstrates the feasibility of constraining WDM properties using cross-correlation measurements with OWFA and SKA1-mid, providing specific sensitivity forecasts.

## Key findings

- OWFA can measure WDM power spectrum at multiple k-bins with high significance.
- SKA1-mid can detect suppression in the power spectrum at 10-sigma significance.
- Relative error on WDM density parameter is approximately 0.8 for 0.25 keV WDM mass.

## Abstract

We have considered the prospects for measuring the cross Warm Dark Matter (WDM) power spectrum of the redshifted HI 21-cm signal and the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest and thereby constraining WDM mass using observations with upcoming radio-interferometers - the Ooty Wide Field Array (OWFA) and SKA1-mid, and a spectroscopic survey of the quasars. We have considered a quasar survey with a mean observed quasar number density of $\bar{{\rm n}}_{\rm Q} = 48$ deg$^{-2}$ over a collecting area of 14455 deg$^{2}$, and a mean spectroscopic SNR = 5. Our analysis with OWFA shows that it is possible to measure the WDM power spectrum in several $k$-bins at $k < 0.4$ Mpc$^{-1}$ with ${\rm SNR} > 5$ using an observation of 200 hours each in 100 different fields-of-view for $m_{\rm WDM} = 0.25$ keV. Considering the possibility of the joint measurement of the parameters, the warm dark matter density parameter $\Omega_{{\rm WDM}}$, and the dark energy density parameter $\Omega_{\Lambda0}$, we find that the relative error on the $1-\sigma$ measurement of the parameter $\Omega_{{\rm WDM}}$ is $\sim 0.8$ for a fiducial $m_{\rm WDM} = 0.25$ keV. We further find that it is possible to have a measurement of the suppression of power from the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) power spectrum at a confidence level of $\sim 7.2-\sigma$ and $\sim 2.7-\sigma$ in two different $k$-bins over the $k$-range $0.1 \leq k \leq 3.13$ Mpc$^{-1}$ for $m_{\rm WDM} = 0.15$ keV. Considering the analysis with SKA1-mid, we find that for a fiducial $m_{\rm WDM}= 0.25$ keV, the suppression in the cross power spectrum can be measured at $\sim 10 - \sigma$ around $k \sim 0.2 \rm{Mpc}^{-1}$ for a total observing time of $20000$ hrs distributed uniformly over $50$ independent pointings where the available $k$-range is binned as $\Delta k = k/5$.