# A Case for Stale Synchronous Distributed Model for Declarative Recursive Computation

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a Stale Synchronous Parallel (SSP) model for distributed recursive computation in logic programming, leveraging Pre-Mappability to ensure correctness and efficiency across different parallel execution frameworks.

## Contribution

It demonstrates how PreM can optimize parallel recursive evaluation and extends the SSP model to non-linear recursive queries with proven correctness.

## Key findings

- PreM-optimized evaluations match single executor results.
- Hybrid SSP model improves recursive query performance.
- Applicable across BSP and asynchronous distributed systems.

## Abstract

A large class of traditional graph and data mining algorithms can be concisely expressed in Datalog, and other Logic-based languages, once aggregates are allowed in recursion. In fact, for most BigData algorithms, the difficult semantic issues raised by the use of non-monotonic aggregates in recursion are solved by Pre-Mappability (PreM), a property that assures that for a program with aggregates in recursion there is an equivalent aggregate-stratified program. In this paper we show that, by bringing together the formal abstract semantics of stratified programs with the efficient operational one of unstratified programs, PreM can also facilitate and improve their parallel execution. We prove that PreM-optimized lock-free and decomposable parallel semi-naive evaluations produce the same results as the single executor programs. Therefore, PreM can be assimilated into the data-parallel computation plans of different distributed systems, irrespective of whether these follow bulk synchronous parallel (BSP) or asynchronous computing models. In addition, we show that non-linear recursive queries can be evaluated using a hybrid stale synchronous parallel (SSP) model on distributed environments. After providing a formal correctness proof for the recursive query evaluation with PreM under this relaxed synchronization model, we present experimental evidence of its benefits. This paper is under consideration for acceptance in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP).