# New Insights into Uncertainties in the Relic Neutrino Background and Effects from the Nuclear Equation of State

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the uncertainties in the relic neutrino background from astrophysical events, focusing on the nuclear equation of state and other factors, and assesses future detector capabilities to distinguish these effects.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of the uncertainties affecting relic neutrino background predictions and evaluates the potential of future detectors to probe nuclear physics and supernova neutrino properties.

## Key findings

- Uncertainties in the nuclear EoS significantly affect relic neutrino flux predictions.
- Future neutrino detectors may distinguish different nuclear EoS models.
- The relic neutrino spectrum can reveal information about supernova neutrino temperatures.

## Abstract

We review the computation of and associated uncertainties in the current understanding of the relic neutrino background due to core-collapse supernovae, black hole formation and neutron-star merger events. We consider the current status of uncertainties due to the nuclear equation of state (EoS), the progenitor masses, the source supernova neutrino spectrum, the cosmological star formation rate, the stellar initial mass function, neutrino oscillations, and neutrino self-interactions. We summarize the current viability of future neutrino detectors to distinguish the nuclear EoS and the temperature of supernova neutrinos via the detected relic supernova neutrino spectrum.