# Ferroelectric order versus metallicity in Sr$_{1-x}$Ca$_x$TiO$_{3-\delta}$ ($x=0.009$)

## TL;DR

This study investigates how ferroelectric order in Sr$_{1-x}$Ca$_x$TiO$_{3- ext{delta}}$ evolves with increasing charge carriers, revealing persistent ferroelectric signatures in thermal expansion despite metallicity.

## Contribution

It provides the first detailed thermal-expansion analysis of ferroelectric transition behavior in doped SrTiO$_3$, showing the transition's persistence up to a critical carrier density.

## Key findings

- Ferroelectric signatures persist in weakly doped metallic samples.
- Transition temperature decreases with increasing charge carriers.
- Anomalies in thermal expansion broaden but do not vanish above a threshold density.

## Abstract

We report on a thermal-expansion study of the ferroelectric phase transition in insulating Sr$_{1-x}$Ca$_x$TiO$_3$ ($x=0.009$) and its evolution upon increasing charge-carrier concentration up to $n\simeq 60 \times 10^{19}$cm$^{-3}$. Although electric polarization is screened by mobile charge carriers, we find clear signatures of the ferroelectric phase transition in the thermal-expansion coefficient $\alpha$ of the weakly doped metallic samples. Upon increasing $n$, the transition temperature $T_\mathrm{C}(n)$ and the magnitude of the anomalies in $\alpha$ rapidly decrease up to a threshold carrier density $n^\star$ above which broadened anomalies remain present. There is no indication for a sign change of $\alpha$ as is expected for a pressure-dependent quantum phase transition with $n$ as the control parameter. Thus, the ferroelectriclike transition is either continuously fading away or it transforms to another low-temperature phase above $n^\star$, but this change hardly affects the temperature-dependent $\alpha(T)$ data.