Gravitomagnetism and Gravitational Waves in Galileo-Newtonian Physics

TL;DR

This paper develops a Galilo-Newtonian framework for gravitomagnetism and gravitational waves, deriving two mathematical formulations of Heaviside-Maxwellian Gravity and correcting its force law, thus extending Newtonian physics to include relativistic effects.

Contribution

It introduces a unified physical theory called Heaviside-Maxwellian Gravity, deriving its equations from fundamental principles and correcting previous formulations.

Findings

Derived two sets of gravito-Maxwell-Lorentz equations.

Established the speed of gravitational waves as the speed of light.

Connected the theory with experimentally verified relativistic results.

Abstract

Adopting Schwinger's formalism for inferring Maxwell-Lorentz equations (MLEs) and combining three ingredients: (i) the laws of gravitostatics, (ii) the Galileo-Newton principle of relativity and (iii) existence of gravitational waves which travel in vacuum with a finite speed $c_g$, we inferred two sets of gravito-Maxwell-Lorentz Equations (g-MLEs). One of these sets corresponds to Heaviside's Gravity of 1893 and the other set corresponds to what we call Maxwellian Gravity (MG). HG and MG are mere two mathematical representations of a single physical theory called Heaviside-Maxwellian Gravity (HMG). While rediscovering Heaviside's gravitational field equations following Schwinger's formalism, we found a correction to Heaviside's speculative gravito-Lorentz force law. This work presents a Galilo-Newtonian foundation of gravitomagnetic effects and gravitational waves, caused by time-varying sources and fields, which are currently considered outside the domain of Newtonian physics. The emergence HMG from other well-established principles of physics is also noted, which established its theoretical consistency and fixed the value of $c_g$ uniquely at the speed of light in vacuum. The explanations of certain experimentally verified general relativistic results within HMG are also noted. We also report, a set of new Maxwell-Lorentz Equations, physically equivalent to the standard set, as a byproduct product of the present approach.