# Flattened stellar systems based on distribution functions depending on actions

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the construction of flattened stellar systems using distribution functions dependent on action integrals, addressing continuity constraints and presenting an algorithm for model creation.

## Contribution

It introduces a new algorithm to ensure physically consistent distribution functions for flattened stellar systems based on actions.

## Key findings

- Developed an algorithm for constructing flattened models
- Ensured velocity distribution continuity near symmetry axes
- Created various self-consistent flattened stellar models

## Abstract

We address an issue that arises when self-consistently flattened dynamical stellar systems are constructed by adopting a distribution function (DF) that depends on the action integrals. The velocity distribution at points on the symmetry axis is controlled by the the dependence of the DF on just one action, while at points off the symmetry axis two actions are involved. Consequently, the physical requirement that the velocity distribution evolves continuously in the neighbourhood of the symmetry axis restricts the functional forms of acceptable DFs. An algorithm for conforming to this restriction is presented and used to construct a variety of flattened models.